Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glycopyrrolate following a continuous-rate infusion in the horse.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Glycopyrrolate (GLY) is an antimuscarinic agent that is used in humans and domestic animals primarily to reduce respiratory tract secretions during anesthesia and to reverse intra-operative bradycardia. Although GLY is used routinely in veterinary patients, there is limited information regarding its pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties in domestic animals, and an improved understanding of the plasma concentration-effect relationship in racehorses is warranted. To accomplish this, we characterize the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) actions of GLY during and after a 2-h constant-rate intravenous infusion (4 μg/kg/h) and evaluate potential PK-PD models for cardiac stimulation in adult horses. Measurements of plasma GLY concentrations, heart and respiration rates, and frequency of bowel movements were performed in six Thoroughbred horses. The time course for GLY disposition in plasma followed a tri-exponential equation characterized by rapid disappearance of GLY from blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase. Physiological monitoring revealed significant (P < 0.01) increases in heart (>70 bpm) and respiratory rates accompanied by a marked and sustained delay in the frequency of bowel movements (1.1 ± 0.2 h [saline group] vs. 6.0 ± 2.0 h [GLY group]). Two of six horses showed signs of colic during the 8-h observation period after the end of the GLY infusion, but were treated and recovered without further complications. The relationship between plasma GLY concentration and heart rate exhibited counterclockwise hysteresis that was adequately described using an effect compartment.
منابع مشابه
Pharmacokinetics Alterations of Midazolam Infusion versus Bolus Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
There is no randomized study carried out in order to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters although midazolam, as a sedative, has been widely administered via continuous infusion as well as intermittent bolus doses in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. We prospectively investigated the effect of these two principal methods on pharmacokinetic parameters in 23 of mentioned patien...
متن کاملPharmacokinetics Alterations of Midazolam Infusion versus Bolus Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
There is no randomized study carried out in order to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters although midazolam, as a sedative, has been widely administered via continuous infusion as well as intermittent bolus doses in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. We prospectively investigated the effect of these two principal methods on pharmacokinetic parameters in 23 of mentioned patien...
متن کاملPharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion of cefepime in cystic fibrosis patients, and stability of cefepime during simulated continuous infusion administration
متن کامل
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of esomeprazole injection/infusion in healthy Chinese volunteers: a five-way crossover study.
BACKGROUND Esomeprazole provides effective and long lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion. However, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous esomeprazole in the Chinese population remain unclear. AIM To compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous esomeprazole (injection and infusion) and their clinical safety and tolerability in healthy Chinese subj...
متن کاملExplorative study of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after change in basal insulin infusion rate.
BACKGROUND The use of insulin pumps is rapidly increasing and new, technologically more advanced pumps are continuously being developed. It is of interest to assess the clinical relevance of the many technical features of these pumps, e.g., the effect on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics with change in infusion rate. METHOD The aim of this study was to explore the sequence of pharmacokine...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics
دوره 37 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2014